![]() ![]() In both groups, the phenomenon was more common in people with a non-Western European background. Results: Having interviewed 749 people, comprising 606 students and 143 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum or related disorder who had been acutely admitted to a secluded nursing ward, we computed a reported lifetime prevalence of 0.12 and 0.09, respectively, which rates were not statistically different. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional design, we used the Waterloo Unusual Sleep Experience Questionnaire (WUSEQ) to screen patients with severe psychiatric disorders and university undergraduates to establish and compare prevalence rates, frequencies of occurrence, and risk factors for the incubus phenomenon. Since the studies reviewed did not always make a strict distinction between the incubus phenomenon and isolated sleep paralysis, we carried out a cross-sectional study in a contemporary patient and student sample to attain current, more detailed data on the incubus phenomenon. This terrifying phenomenon is relatively unknown even though a previous meta-analysis indicated a lifetime prevalence of 0.11 for individuals in the general population and of 0.41 for selected at-risk groups, including people diagnosed with schizophrenia and students. 4Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlandsīackground: The incubus phenomenon is a paroxysmal sleep-related disorder characterized by the visuotactile sensation of a person or entity exerting pressure on one’s thorax during episodes of sleep paralysis and (apparent) wakefulness.3Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands. ![]() 2Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.1Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.Molendijk 1,2, Ouarda Bouachmir 3, Harriët Montagne 3, Laura Bouwman 3 and Jan Dirk Blom 1,3,4* ![]()
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